The ovary is the gland in the female reproductive system that produces the reproductive cell and the hormones (estrogen and progesterone). There are two ovaries, one at either side of the pelvis. Oophorectomy is defined as the removal of an ovary.

The ovary may be removed due to a benign cyst or a tumor. Removal of the organ may also be done as a preventative measure when a strong family history of ovarian cancer exists.

Manifestations related to the need for removal include: dyspepsia, bloating, decreased appetite, backache, abdominal or pelvic pain, fever, infection, and anemia. There may be an adnexal mass or nodular implants found on examination. With certain tumors, there may be thyroid dysfunction or virilization.

Tests may include: physical and pelvic examinations; vaginal or pelvic ultrasonography; laboratory studies; laparoscopy; and surgical cancer staging.

Surgery, chemotherapy, radiation treatment, bone marrow transplant or a combination of these measures may be indicated depending on the type of tumor and stage of the disease.

In the event of cancer, the outcome depends on the stage and amount of residual disease, as well as the patient's genetic and biologic factors. There may be a need for frequent re-examination, laboratory tests, and additional surgery. Residual cancer may remain after chemotherapy, and advanced stage cancer may recur. There may also be infertility, and the possible development of osteoporosis. Counseling, psychotherapy, and support groups may be indicated to assist the patient in dealing with the diagnosis.